s p

• Computers , 1997 , 46 : 616 - 622 . 7 kim s p , han t . fault - tolerant wormhole routing in mesh with overlapped solid fault regions . parallel computing , 1997 , 23 : 1937 - 1962
  本文提出路由算法在没有故障节点的区域应用xy路由，当正常的xy路由被故障节点阻止时，信息的路由沿着故障区域的边界绕道前行。
• The dow jones surrendered earlier gains , shedding 70 points , the s p 500 was weaker and on the nasdaq - for every stock that rose , two fell . over the week the us market was down almost 1 per cent in value
  据介绍，公交在今后的新增车更新车中，将全部使用这4款高档公交车，逐步实现昆明公交车辆的“豪华化” 。
• Based on the signed advertising contracts which are effective in 2006 , the revenues earned next year would exceed costs to be incurred . earnings from business line will be accounted for in 2006 s p l accounts
  按目前已签妥之2006年广告合约计算，收入已逾该年度成本，有关广告赞助及公关收入可在2006年度进帐。
• Based on the signed advertising contracts which are effective in 2006 , the revenues earned next year would exceed costs to be incurred . earnings from business line will be accounted for in 2006 s p & l accounts
  按目前已签妥之2006年广告合约计算，收入已逾该年度成本，有关广告、赞助及公关收入可在2006年度进帐。
• In the present study , using the conventional whole - cell mode and perforated whole - cell patch claxnp mode , the role of intracellular and extrce1lular calcium in snp - induced increase of ik ( . . ) were investigated . l
  我们分别应用传统全细胞模式和穿孔模式的膜片钳技术，研究了细胞内外钙离于在s p诱导人h ）增加中的作用，进而阐明no引起豚鼠胃窦环行肌舒张的离子机制。
• In constant pursuit of market expansion , our s p team work closely together to pursue opportunities in market for secondhand vessels and various kinds of projects . over the years , we have successfully concluded and delivered 18 second - hand vessels
  我司同仁心合力积极地开拓二手船舶的买卖，至今已超过18艘以上旧船买卖成交，为国内外朋友提供船舶买卖融资等各项技术性服务。
• 14 dengel a , hoch r , hones f , jager t , malburg m , weigel a . techniques for improving ocr results . handbook of characterrecognition and document image analysis , bunke h , wang p s p , world scientific , 1997 , pp . 227 - 258 . 15 ruta d , gabrys b . an overview of classifier fusion methods
  系统使用的词表规模为48词，采用二值化平滑和基线检测等对手写文本图像进行预处理，提取基于基线的上行笔段下行笔段分别类似于英文中的b , d , h和g , p等字母环状结构位于主体部分上面下面的点数等结构特征。
• With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132 . 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
  本文的主体由六个部分组成：第一部分介绍新股发行定价的估值方法；第二部分对我国的发行定价方式和发行制度进行分析，探讨不同发行定价方式的优缺点，以及审批制和核准制经济效率分析；第三部分从信息经济学角度和其他因素的角度详细分析造成新股发行抑价的原因，并结合我国股票市场实际情况，分析了我国市场的特有因素是否及如何影响一级市场的发行抑价程度的；第四部分利用统计分析软件spss对我国新股行政化和市场化定价进行实证分析，主要包括新股发行行政化和市场化定价方式的实施情况和效果分析、新股发行行政化定价方式的实证分析，以及新股发行行政化和市场化定价方式的比较实证分析；第五部分利用统计分析软件spss对我国新股发行审批制和核准制进行实证分析；第六部分是本论文的主要结论。本文的主要结论和建议有： （ 1 ）从实证分析结果看，我国新股发行抑价与市场环境、发行市盈率呈显著正向关系，与发行规模、申购中签率等呈显著反向关系。 （ 2 ）取消发行市盈率限制和实施核准制等市场化改革措施并没有降低发行抑价的绝对水平，只是由于市场环境的因素，发行抑价的相对水平才有所降低。